The Library of Congress, founded on April 24, 1800, began as a modest reference library for lawmakers and evolved into the largest library in the world. With its mission to support democracy through access to knowledge, the institution has preserved centuries of history, literature, music, and science, serving not just Congress but the American public and global researchers alike.
The idea of a library for Congress emerged as the young United States sought to establish institutions that reflected its democratic ideals. President John Adams signed a law allocating $5,000 for books to aid legislators in their duties. The original collection of 740 books and three maps was housed in the U.S. Capitol, symbolizing the government's investment in informed decision-making.
Though small in size, the early Library of Congress held great symbolic value. It represented a belief that access to information was essential for effective governance, especially in a nation built on Enlightenment principles and the rule of law.
A turning point came in 1815 after British troops burned the Capitol and the library during the War of 1812. Thomas Jefferson offered his personal collection of over 6,000 books to rebuild it. His belief that all fields of knowledge were relevant to lawmakers expanded the Library’s scope and set a precedent for collecting materials across disciplines.
Jefferson’s contribution not only replenished the lost collection but also transformed the institution’s mission. It helped reshape the Library into a comprehensive repository, reflecting the full spectrum of human thought—from science and philosophy to art and agriculture.
Today, the Library of Congress holds over 170 million items in more than 470 languages, including manuscripts, films, photographs, recordings, and digital content. It serves as a research hub for Congress and a vital cultural institution for the public.
Its digitization efforts and public programming have further democratized access, making rare historical materials available to anyone with an internet connection. As it continues to grow, the Library remains a living testament to the nation’s enduring commitment to knowledge, culture, and civic engagement.